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Diesel generator starter batteries life

  • 1.  Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-06-2019 09:08 AM
    We are a Data Center and have over a hundred Diesel generators. Each has 4 starter batteries. Cummins recommends replacing every 2-3 years. One thought is just do it as the cost of these batteries is small compared to potential downtime. But there is a back up set. With running the generators up to maybe 30 hours annually, these batteries should last longer. There should be savings to be had. Does anyone take specific gravities or use a battery meter to check cold cranking amps or another method to determine when the batteries should be replaced? They are lead acid type. Same concept for many applications - forklifts, trucks, vans, etc.

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire/NTT
    Ashburn VA
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  • 2.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-06-2019 10:24 AM
    ​You are right, cycles, total amp-hour throughput and oxidization are far more important than age.  If the generators are on stand-by most of the time, you should get longer life. When you do replace, replace all four (unless one fails in infancy.).  Parallel batteries tend to ruin one another. 

    Are these maintenance-free?  That is, do you water them?  If so, always use distilled water and be careful not to overwater.  If you are adding water, Misco makes an easy to use, digital device for checking specific gravity.  Maintenance free batteries can only be checked using voltage. A multimeter will also let you test, easily.  Keep a log.  When you see the voltage drop off, compare against the expected life and replace. 

    You didn't mention how many of these generators were in parallel with each other.  If you have plenty of spare power, you could always run the sets to failure and keep a few batteries on hand.   When you conduct start-up tests and the starter drags, replace them then.

    Keep in mind that all of this requires labor.  Estimate how much these inspection PMs will cost and look for the value proposition.  If you have techs that aren't fully utilized, it might make more sense.  Also, be sure that you have a good replacement procedure for cleaning, tightening and replacing terminals correctly.  Poor installs can drain batteries and oxidize terminals, shortening life.

    If someone else on here manages data centers, they might could send you their maintenance strategy.

    Regards,

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    Darrell Walker
    Manager of Maintenance and Reliability
    Amalgamated Sugar Company
    Boise ID
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  • 3.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-09-2019 07:50 AM
    Thank you Darrell. The generators are all in parallel, but each is required to backup a UPS which covers a specific number of servers. We promote 100% uptime so one generator not starting is a big deal.

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
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  • 4.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-09-2019 11:31 AM
    Lee does your company use a battery minder / tender ( trickle charger ) on these gensets? Batteries that are not being cycled ( discharging & charging ) tend to not last as long as ones that are cycling. I know in heavy equipment that have 4 or more batteries we seldom replace them within a year.

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    Larry Schoenknecht
    Calgary AB
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  • 5.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-09-2019 03:17 PM
    Good question. I know they have a battery charger connected. Don't want to assume they are on a trickle charge. I'll check. Thanks, Lee

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
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  • 6.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-10-2019 07:31 AM

    Lee,

    Here is a link to good basic battery tutorial that explains difference in battery types, uses and charging.  It also touches on basic maintenance. It should give you some insight into what to consider to ensure you have reliable starting power. 

    Battery Tutorial



    ------------------------------
    Hank Kocevar,CMRP
    Consultant
    Guardian Technical Services
    hkocevar@guardiantech.org
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  • 7.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-10-2019 08:01 AM
    Thanks Hank.

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
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  • 8.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-12-2019 08:08 AM
    Hi Lee,
    Through the many years in mining we fought several battles with batteries on our mobile mining equipment. From that experience, here is what I would suggest 
    1. Make sure you are buying the best batteries you can buy for your application. This in one place you do not want to go cheap.
    2. If using lead-acid batteries you definitely want to be checking the water level and checking specific gravity. BTW - 1.265 at 80F is the specific gravity you are looking for in a fully charged battery. Follow the safety rules when doing this! 
    NOTE: You might want to consider going to maintenance free batteries. We made the switch  to Group 31 maintenance free batteries and it was very successful but our application was continuous use.
    3. Not sure what the "running the generators 30 hours annually" actually means but you want to be sure to exercise your generators on a routine schedule for several reasons. Certainly one of those reasons is to make sure your batteries have a sufficient charge to start the engine.
    4. If the batteries have a low specific gravity and/or they will not start the engine, put an automatic charger on the individual battery(s) as needed. Recheck specific gravity after charging and replace if it's not up to spec. You can  also apply a load cell to the batteries as a secondary check before condemning a battery.
    5. Lots of opinions about water in batteries. You can use distilled water but tap water works as well. The one thing you absolutely do not want to use is de-ionized water. That is the kiss of death in a battery.
    6. Lastly, I would recommend that you create a battery charging station. This can be very simple but it is very important when you are depending on having good batteries at all times. If you have a battery charging station, if you suspect a bad battery, simply retrieve a battery you know is good from your battery charging station, swap it out with the suspect battery and your generator is good to go. Take the suspect battery to your battery charging station, rerun your tests, attempt to charge it and then condemn it at that point.

    Hope this helps! 


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    Terry Taylor
    Senior Consultant
    IDCON INC
    Raleigh NC
    t.taylor@idcon.com
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  • 9.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-12-2019 08:43 AM
    Thank you very much Terry. FYI, we run the generators monthly for about 20 minutes till up to operating temp. Then annually load them and test for about an hour. So not run much, which some log only around 15 hours/year. This doesn't help extend the battery's life.

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
    ------------------------------



  • 10.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-12-2019 03:26 PM
    Hey there Lee - I was on-call 24/7 for years with one of my previous employers, both as Lead Maintenance and Troubleshooting Electrician and then Electrical System Engineer. We were in the business of injectable drug manufacturing, a business heavily regulated by the FDA. We had up to 10 diesel generators in back-up power service. Depending on which building the generators were backing up, the 2 MW generators ran in parallel or or stand-alone. They also backed up data centers as well as instrumentation, PLCs and critical electrical loads. I learned many lessons during my tenure there. 

    Now I work in the Arctic Science Program for the National Science Foundation. The sites we support are off-the-grid, and the generators are rated for Primary Power (as opposed to Stand-by Power). Primary Power Generators vs. Stand-by Power Generators in-and-of-themselves are their own learned lesson.

    I have a meeting coming up, but will check back later to expand on those two subjects.

    Best regards,

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    Jeff Wahl
    Maintenance Manager, CMMS
    Loveland CO
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  • 11.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-13-2019 02:53 PM
    Following up - As part of our monthly generator PM, we checked battery specific gravity, water level, charger errors/voltage and current, generator control panel errors, fuel day tank level, engine oil level. If I remember correctly, the PM was assigned to both mechanic and plant electrician.

    Data Center managers demand 100% uptime, so generator starter batteries are not a place where you might look to save on your maintenance budget. 
    Questions:
    1) What size are your generators? What voltage?
    2) Are they all sync'ed in parallel?
    3) Are your starting batteries 6 or 12 volt? Deep cycle or standard duty?
    4) You said 4 starting batteries. Are they wired in series or parallel/series combination?
    5) Do you ever run the generators with a load (load bank or switched online with a data center load)?

    Our company demanded 100% uptime, but the installation had issues from the get-go. We improved our uptime as we resolved the issues one at a time, gradually increasing our uptime rate. The manufacturing plant had UPSes to handle the power outage to generator. We also found several UPS sync settings there were fine while running on the grid, but largely incompatible while running on generators.

    It's a challenging environment where the application demands 100% uptime, but resolving downtime issues requires testing under real-time conditions. The two are in direct conflict with one another. We were required to notify the IT group and anyone else who might be affected by a shutdown, so they could get the supported load in a safe state, just in case testing brought forth the intermittent flaw we were working to resolve.

    I might even have a job plan somewhere. More later.

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    Jeff Wahl
    Maintenance Manager, CMMS
    Loveland CO
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  • 12.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-17-2019 08:10 AM
    Thanks Jeff for the  valuable feedback. Lee

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
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  • 13.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-17-2019 10:48 AM
    Edited by Jeff Wahl 12-17-2019 10:48 AM
    I'm confused Lee. What were you looking for exactly?

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    Jeff Wahl
    Maintenance Manager, CMMS
    Loveland CO
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  • 14.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-17-2019 02:14 PM
    Jeff, researching if there is an accurate method of determining battery life. I see you checked specific gravity. One option is just change the batteries out every 3 years whether they need to be or not. Or if they have another year of life - 400+ batteries at $700+ a pop, maybe worth the savings - figure $25K/year. Megger has a battery tester. I am thinking specific gravity tells you the instantaneous level of charge, not necessarily where along the life of the battery it is. I take my car battery to Advance Auto and they give a printout with CCA. A white paper I read says CCA isn't the best indicator.​ It showed measuring battery capacity is the best leading health indicator. Not sure best device to test. Do you have any experience in this area? Thanks, Lee

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-17-2019 04:48 PM
    I see - your expanded description of your goals and reasoning helps a lot. We did do more than just check specific gravity, especially on series/parallel connected battery strings. We made an extension voltage probe by fastening the probes to a non-conducting wooden handle.
    • We checked total VDC and mVAC across the battery string.
    • We checked VDC and mVAC across individual batteries.
    • We checked voltage drop (mVDC) across the battery connecting cables.
    • Record all readings - they should be checked when new and tracked over time. All readings should be within a certain percentage of one another. Compare to readings over time. We built a spreadsheet with formulas to compare readings. When a reading was a certain percentage out of range from the rest of the string, the reading would highlight red. Building a spreadsheet to do this isn't too hard.

    How acceptable is a non-start when the generators are needed (power outage). Does your power system have ride-through capability to get the load seamlessly onto the generator (UPS, Mass Rotor, or UPS built into the Data Center bus)?

    I would check with the battery manufacturer rather than the generator manufacturer. The battery designers know their batteries better than the generator designers. They might have a longer battery warranty for fixed generator systems.

    My personal opinion is that battery internals aren't as robust as when I came up through the ranks. I think they fail open-circuit as their primary indication.

    How is your redundancy (N+0, N+1 or better)?

    Is your battery charging system of the highest quality with smarts enough to analyze and alert you of charging problems?

    Lowering risk usually tops cost savings when it comes to emergency equipment. But, you can balance risk by having N+1 redundancy where it's needed.

    ------------------------------
    Jeff Wahl
    Maintenance Manager, CMMS
    Loveland CO
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  • 16.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-18-2019 08:10 AM
    Thanks Jeff. Very helpful. Lee

    ------------------------------
    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 02-08-2020 02:49 AM
    Hi Mr. Lee, 
    In order to ascertain the healthy state of battery, life of battery and guidance when battery should to replaced - is to perform "Battery Capacity Test".
    Capacity test  is a controlled constant-current or constant-power discharge of a battery to a specified terminal voltage.  
    This can be done using Battery discharge testing device TORKEL by Megger. 

    Proper maintenance will prolong the life of a battery and a good battery maintenance program including periodic inspections will help to determine the condition of battery. 

    Below basic Inspection and record on periodic basis on batteries may help to find the condition of battery
    1. Float voltage at battery terminals, float charge current
    2. Electrolyte levels 
    3. Battery physical appearances, cracks, leakage of electrolyte
    4. Any corrosion on terminals, looseness
    5. Ambient temperature, battery temperature and ventilation
    6. Structural integrity of the battery rack and/or cabinet
    7. Unintentional battery ground
    Note: Battery maintenance shall be performed by authorized person with proper PPE as per OEM instruction.

    Hope above may give some sort of insight determining the condition/life of battery and let me know, further any required information.

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    Pon Murugesapandi Sr. Electrical Engineer
    Yanbu
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  • 18.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-13-2019 01:08 PM
    Hi Lee,
    There are a lot of methods to look at the cost savings of reliability. My question would be what percentage of the maintenance budget could be potentially saved if the cost of the batteries was driven down to 0? If there are decimals involved in the percentage are there other items that could have a greater potential impact on cost savings? Finally as you mentioned the cost compared to downtime makes it well worth replacing the batteries. Would adding extra maintenance add extra risk of the batteries failing?

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    VERNON WELCH
    Athens AL
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  • 19.  RE: Diesel generator starter batteries life

    Posted 12-17-2019 08:11 AM
    Great point! Thanks Vernon. Lee

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    Lee McClish
    Manager, Maintenance and Reliability
    Raging Wire
    Ashburn VA
    ------------------------------